The structural unit of substituted pyridines is present in quite a few widely occurring compounds, including natural products, such as vitamins, coenzymes, and alkaloids, as well as synthetic pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals [1]. As shown in Figure 1, natural compounds containing pyridine rings include nicotinamide 1, pyridoxol (vitamin B6) 2, and the opium alkaloid papaverine 3 used as a muscle relaxant and vasodilator.
Figure 1. Examples of naturally occurring pyridine derivatives.
Pyridine, after piperidine, is the second most common nitrogen heterocycle, appearing in 62 FDA-approved drugs [2-3]. A few examples of the approved pyridine-based drugs are given in Figure 2. In particular, Torasemide 4 in which the pyridine unit is combined with the sulfo urea is an efficient antihypertensive drug. Pyridostigmine 5 is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants. Alendronic acid 6 is a bisphosphonate that is a known medication to defeat various forms of osteoporosis, whereas Vismodegib 7 is applied as an anti-carcinoma drug.
Figure 2. Examples of FDA-approved drugs bearing pyridine substructure.
Shown below are representatives of the pyridine-containing building blocks available from Life Chemicals.
The full list of the functionalized pyridines can be obtained upon request by emailing marketing@lifechemicals.com.
References
- (a) Balasubramanian, M.; Keay, J. G. in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2nd edition, eds. A.R. Katritzky, C.W. Rees, and E.F.V. Scriven, Pergamon, Oxford, 1996. Vol. 5, p. 245. (b) Altaf, A.A.; Shahzad, A.; Gul, Z.; Rasool, N.; Badshah, A.; Lal, B.; Khan, E. J. Drug Design Med. Chem. 2015, 1, 1-11.
- Vitaku, E.; Smith, D. T.; Njardarson, J. T. J. Med. Chem. 2014, 57, 10257.
- Baumann, M.; Baxendale, I. R. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2265.
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